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Dolly has Arthritis!
Dolly has only been a clone
for just 5 years, and already she has arthritis in her left hind leg, hip, and
knee. Researchers have worried that this might happen, as she was copied
from the cells of a six-year-old sheep. Why is this? Sheep do not
usually get arthritis at this age, or get it in those particular joints.
It seems as though cloned animals will be more prone to get diseases. This
diagnosis was "very disappointing", say Dr. Wilmut, the leader of the
team to clone Dolly.
There have always been signs that cloned animals are more vulnerable to heart
and breathing problems, obesity, and deformity.
However, this diagnosis didn't come as a total surprise. In 1999, reports
showed that Dolly's cells were older than her birth age. In fact, Dolly
could have been six years old the moment she was born. Then Dolly would
really be 11, and a normal lifespan for a sheep is 12-15 years.
Studies have found that the telomeres (tail on the end of a chromosome that
keeps the genetic information inside) on Dolly's cells and the cells of two
other cloned animals are shorter than those on regular sheep of the same
maturity. In lab studies, telomeres become smaller after each cell
division. After many divisions, the telomeres wear down to 'unstable
stubs' and will discontinue division, break down, or die.
While no-one can blame Dolly's short telomeres or the cloning process for her
arthritis, investigations have shown that people with rheumatoid arthritis also
have shorter telomeres.
Cells being cloned won't necessarily be reset to day one when transferred into
the case that becomes the clone. Some incomplete genetic programming in
the cloning process may be the problem here, but it may also depend on the
creature being cloned or the method used clone a creature.
